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Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the clinical value of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) and nitric oxide (NO) activities in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: The 50 patients with prostate cancer and 25 control subjects were measured in serum IL-18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nitrate + nitrite level by an index of NO generation. Results: Serum IL-18 and nitrate + nitrite levels were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer when compared to the control subjects (P 0.05). The serum IL-18 and nitrate and nitrite levels decreased after patients underwent surgical resection. Conclusion: Serum IL-18 level may be a useful marker to predict prognosis of patients with prostate cancer after surgery. Long-term follow- up is required to clarify this hypothesis.