论文部分内容阅读
本研究在考试结束后立即使用追述和半结构式访谈的研究方法,分析 EFL 考生参加复合式听写时的认知和元认知答题过程。在如下几个方面进行了探讨 :考生实际测试表现与复合式听写指令之间的一致性 ;测量到的语言能力 ;与构念无关的影响考试过程的主要因素 ;不同水平考生的测试表现。本研究有如下发现 :考生的实际测试表现与复合式听写指令之间不一致,这对指令的合理性提出了质疑,并且可能对效度构成威胁。考生过于关注要填写的单词的发音而非其意义。尽管考生在考试过程中使用了不同的认知和元认知策略,但他们在拼写和句子表达中遇到的困难严重影响其测试表现。研究同时发现考生考试过程中有一些与构念无关的因素,其中一些与考生相关,如记忆力、注意力和心理状态 ;一些与考试相关,如语速和时间限制。这些与构念无关的因素也对考试效度构成潜在的威胁。三组不同英语水平的考生都违背了考试指令,但高水平考生更多使用到认知和元认知策略,同时受与构念无关的因素的影响也较小。
The study uses the methods of tracing and semi-structured interviews immediately after the exam to analyze the cognitive and metacognitive questions of EFL candidates participating in compound dictation. The following aspects are discussed: the consistency between the actual test performance and the compound dictation instruction; the measured language ability; the main factors that influence the examination process not related to the concept; the test performance of different level candidates. The findings of this study were as follows: The inconsistency between the actual test performance of candidates and the compound dictation directives cast doubt on the rationality of the directives and may pose a threat to validity. Candidates are overly concerned with the pronunciation of words to be filled rather than their meaning. Although candidates used different cognitive and metacognitive strategies during exams, the difficulties they encountered in spelling and sentence expression severely affected their test performance. At the same time, the study also found that there are some factors that have nothing to do with the concept during the examination process, some of which are related to the candidates, such as memory, attention and psychology; some related to the examination, such as speed of speech and time constraints. These factors that are not related to the construct also pose a potential threat to the validity of the test. Three groups of candidates with different levels of English violated the test instruction, but high-level candidates used cognitive and metacognitive strategies more often and were less influenced by factors unrelated to the concept of construction.