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目的:了解山东省2013~2015年甲基苯丙胺的滥用流行情况。方法:采用国家药物滥用监测中心编制的《药物滥用监测调查表》,对2013~2015年山东省缉毒部门查获的和戒毒机构收治的甲基苯丙胺滥用者进行问卷调查。内容包括:人口学特征、药物滥用史、药物滥用行为特征与药物滥用相关的疾病及检测结果等。结果:17 656例甲基苯丙胺滥用者中,3年数据分别为2 925例,4 858例和9 873例,分别占该省全部监测人群比例的89.12%,93.01%和96.15%。滥用人群以男性、初中文化程度、21~40岁、无配偶、无业人员为主。女性滥用者、无配偶、无业人员比例有逐年升高和向更高年龄层扩散趋势。滥用药物的主要原因为追求欣快、刺激;同伴提供为获得药物的主要途径,“溜冰”为主要滥用方式,且滥用方式趋于多样化。车内滥用比例增加,滥用甲基苯丙胺者尤其是注射方式滥用者感染HIV比例有所上升。结论:该省甲基苯丙胺滥用呈增长态势,但发展速度有所减慢,应开展针对性的预防教育、关注注射用方式滥用甲基苯丙胺者HIV感染情况并加强干预、加快立法遏制毒驾的发生。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of methamphetamine abuse in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2015. Methods: A questionnaire on drug abuse monitoring prepared by the National Center for Drug Abuse Monitoring was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on abusers of methamphetamine seized by the anti-drug department of Shandong Province during 2013-2015. Topics include: demographic characteristics, history of drug abuse, characteristics of drug abuse behavior and drug abuse related diseases and test results. Results: Of the 17 656 methamphetamine abusers, the 3-year data were 2 925, 4 858 and 9 873 respectively, accounting for 89.12%, 93.01% and 96.15% of the total monitored population in the province respectively. Abuse of people with male, junior high school education, 21 to 40 years old, spouse, unemployed mainly. The proportion of female abusers, non-spouse and unemployed people has been increasing year by year and spreading to higher age groups. The main reason for the abuse of drugs is the pursuit of euphoria and excitement. Companions provide the primary means of obtaining drugs. Skating is the main form of abuse and the mode of abuse tends to be diversified. The increase in the abuse of methamphetamine has been accompanied by an increase in the rate of abuse of methamphetamine, especially among injecting abusers. Conclusion: The abuse of methamphetamine shows a trend of increase in the province, but the rate of development has slowed down. Targeted preventive education should be carried out. Concerned about HIV infection caused by methamphetamine abuse through injection and interventions, the legislation on drug abuse should be accelerated occur.