1.引言语言测试专家和学者多年来一直呼吁高风险考试应当具有责任性和透明度(Bachman1990;McNamara&Roever2006),众多颇具影响力的语言测试机构也发布了相应的效度研究报告,例如,美国教育考试服务中心(Educational Testing Service,简称为ETS)组织编写了TOE-FL考试效度验证研究的专著(Chapelle et al.2008)。作为国际语言测试的另一领军机构,剑桥大学考试委员会(Cambridge Assessment)近期出版了四套专著 1. Introduction Language testing experts and scholars have for years been calling for high-risk exams to be both accountable and transparent (Bachman 1990; McNamara & Roever 2006), and many influential language testing institutes have published corresponding validity studies such as the U.S. Education Examination The Educational Testing Service (ETS) organization has written a monograph on the TOE-FL validation validation study (Chapelle et al. 2008). As another leader in international language testing, the Cambridge Assessment Board recently published four monographs