OBJECTIVE:China is the only country where nerve growth factor is approved for large-scale use as a clinical medicine.More than 10 years ago,in 2003,nerve growth factor injection was listed as a national drug.The goal of this article is to evaluate comprehensively the efficacy and safety of nerve growth factor for the treatment of neurological diseases.DATA RETRIEVAL:A computer-based retrieval was performed from six databases,including the Cochrane Library,Pub Med,EMBASE,Sino Med,CNKI,and the VIP database,searching from the clinical establishment of nerve growth factor for treatment until December 31,2013.The key words for the searches were “nerve growth factor,randomized controlled trials” in Chinese and in English.DATA SELECTION:Inclusion criteria:any study published in English or Chinese referring to randomized controlled trials of nerve growth factor;patients with neurological diseases such as peripheral nerve injury,central nerve injury,cranial neuropathy,and nervous system infections;patients older than 7 years;similar research methods and outcomes assessing symptoms;and measurement of nerve conduction velocities.The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2.3 software.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The total effective rate,the incidence of adverse effects,and the nerve conduction velocity were recorded for each study.RESULTS:Sixty-four studies involving 6,297 patients with neurological diseases were included.The total effective rate in the group treated with nerve growth factor was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.0001,RR:1.35,95%CI:1.30–1.40).The average nerve conduction velocity in the nerve growth factor group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.00001,MD:4.59 m/s,95%CI:4.12–5.06).The incidence of pain or scleroma at the injection site in the nerve growth factor group was also higher than that in the control group(P < 0.00001,RR:6.30,95%CI:3.53–11.27),but such adverse effects were mild.CONCLUSION:Nerve growth factor can significantly improve nerve function in patients with nervous system disease and is safe and effective. OBJECTIVE: China is the only country where nerve growth factor is approved for large-scale use as a clinical medicine. More than 10 years ago, in 2003, nerve growth factor injection was listed as a national drug. Goal of this article is to evaluate comprehensively the efficacy and safety of nerve growth factor for the treatment of neurological diseases. DATA RETRIEVAL: A computer-based retrieval was performed from six databases, including the Cochrane Library, Pub Med, EMBASE, Sino Med, CNKI, and the VIP database , searching from the clinical establishment of nerve growth factor for treatment until December 31, 2013. The key words for the searches were “nerve growth factor, randomized controlled trials ” in Chinese and in English. DATA SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: any study published in English or Chinese referring to randomized controlled trials of nerve growth factor; patients with neurological diseases such as peripheral nerve injury, central nerve injury, cranial neuropathy, and nervous system infec tions; patients younger than 7 years; similar research methods and outcomes assessing symptoms; and measurement of nerve conduction velocities. the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2.3 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total effective rate, the incidence of adverse effects, and the nerve conduction velocity were recorded for each study. RESULTS: Sixty-four studies involving 6,297 patients with neurological diseases were included. The total effective rate in the group treated with nerve growth factor was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.0001, RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30-1.40) .The average nerve conduction velocity in the nerve growth factor group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.00001, MD: 4.59 m / s, 95 % CI: 4.12-5.06). The incidence of pain or scleroma at the injection site in the nerve growth factor group was also higher than that in the control group (P <0.00001, RR: 6.30, 95% CI: 3.53-11.27) , but such adverse effects were mild. CONCLUSION: N erve ggrowth factor can significantly improve nerve function in patients with nervous system disease and is safe and effective.