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目的:分析贵阳市2013~2014年麻疹流行病学特征,为控制和消除麻疹提供依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集麻疹确诊病例资料,采用描述性流行病学研究方法,描述病例的时间分布、地区分布、年龄分布、免疫史、就诊史等特征,尤其是聚集性病例的特征。结果:贵阳市2013年麻疹发病9例,发病率2.08/100万;2014年发病14例,发病率达到3.24/100万。发病主要集中在夏秋季节,4~8月为发病高峰;2013年病例呈散发,2014年出现家庭聚集性疫情,其中两起发生在母亲与6月龄以下婴幼儿之间,并有1例婴幼儿死亡,另一起发生在一家三兄妹之间;2013~2014年总共23例病例中,0岁~组、2岁~组和15岁~组病例占到病例总数的86.21%;散居儿童是麻疹高发人群;无明确麻疹类疫苗接种史和免疫史不详者占到病例总数的86.96%,2014年3起聚集性疫情中无一例按免疫程序要求接种完相应的剂次;39.13%的病例在发病前7~21天到过医院就诊,此比例在2014年3起聚集性疫情中占到71.43%。结论:贵阳市2013~2014年麻疹高发与传染源增加、易感人群积累、流动人口基础免疫薄弱和医院感染等有关,应加强麻疹疫情监测,做好适龄儿童特别是流动儿童麻疹疫苗常规免疫和成人强化免疫工作,加强医院内麻疹病例的管理。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2013 to 2014 in Guiyang, and to provide basis for controlling and eliminating measles. Methods: Through the information system of China’s disease control and prevention, the data of confirmed cases of measles were collected, and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the characteristics of the time distribution, regional distribution, age distribution, immunization history and visiting history, especially the clustering cases Characteristics. Results: In 2013, 9 cases of measles were found in Guiyang City, with an incidence of 2.08 / 1 million. In 2014, 14 cases were reported with a prevalence of 3.24 / 1 million. The incidence mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, peaked from April to August. In 2013, the cases were sporadic. In 2014, there were family gathering epidemic cases, of which two occurred between the mother and infants under 6 months old and one infants Toddlers died and another occurred in a third sibling; among 23 cases from 2013 to 2014, 86.21% of the total cases were 0-year-old group, 2-year-old group and 15-year-old group; scattered children were measles High incidence of the population; no clear history of measles vaccination and unknown history of immunization accounted for 86.96% of the total number of cases, in 2014 three cases of aggregated outbreaks of immunization requirements were not vaccinated after completion of the corresponding dose; 39.13% of cases in the incidence The first seven to 21 days to the hospital, the proportion of 3 in 2014 gathering epidemic accounted for 71.43%. Conclusion: The high incidence of measles and the source of infection, the accumulation of susceptible population, weak immunization of migrant population and hospital infection in Guiyang between 2013 and 2014 should be strengthened to monitor the epidemic situation of measles and make regular immunization of measles vaccine for children of special age, especially for migrant children Strengthening of immunization for adults to strengthen the management of measles cases in the hospital.