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由天文摆钟产生计时误差的启发,提出一种新的材料线膨胀系数测量方法:直接测量单摆振动周期的微小变化量,再通过公式间接换算出该摆杆材料的线膨胀系数。该方法原理简单,试验装置切实可行,可用于常规工程材料和低膨胀材料在任意温度区间线膨胀系数的精确测量。对于外型复杂的机构,只需对其振动模型进行简化,理论上可以测出该机构在任意方向的线膨胀系数。
Inspired by the chronometer error of astronomical pendulum clock, a new measurement method of linear expansion coefficient is proposed. The method directly measures the small variation of the pendulum’s vibration period and indirectly converts the linear expansion coefficient of the pendulum rod material by the formula. The method has the advantages of simple principle, practical test device, and accurate measurement of linear expansion coefficients of conventional engineering materials and low expansion materials in any temperature range. For the complex shape of the mechanism, only the vibration model to simplify, in theory, can measure the linear expansion coefficient of the mechanism in any direction.