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递运所是明代的驿传机构,有一整套完备的体系,直至明末仍发挥着重要的功效,但尚无相关的专门性研究。本文梳理了递运所制度层面的基本情况与兴废历程。明代创设递运所,意在专司物资运输,但在实际运行中,驿站与递运所的职能区分逐渐模糊,驿、递分离的制度设计被打破。洪武至宣德年间是递运所新设、网络扩张的时期,正统以后趋于稳定,表现为全国性的运输网络。嘉靖以后朝廷开始大量裁并递运所,至万历初年构成了以河南为中心,以供给京师与边镇为主要目标的大区域运输网络。递运所的兴废变化,不仅是朝廷政策调整的结果,也是明王朝关注点的转移与国势的盛衰起伏的反映。
The delivery station is the post agency in the Ming Dynasty, has a complete set of systems, until the end of the Ming still plays an important role, but there is no relevant specialized research. This paper sorts out the basic situation of the delivery system level and the process of revitalization. In the Ming Dynasty, the establishment of the delivery station meant to specialize in the transportation of materials. However, in the actual operation, the functions of the station and the delivery office were gradually blurred, and the system design of the station and delivery system was broken. During the period from Hongwu to Xuande, it was a period of new expansion and network expansion of the delivery station. After orthodoxy became stable, it showed as a national transportation network. In the early years of Wanli, a large regional transport network with Henan as the center and with the main goal of supplying capitalists and border towns was formed. The rejuvenation of the delivery station is not only the result of the adjustment of the policy of the court, but also the reflection of the ups and downs of the Ming Dynasty’s shift of focus and the national trend.