一、欧美国家成人教育学位、文凭、证书颁发制度和机构的产生。战后至六十年代,欧美大多数国家在经济上属于一个相对繁荣和稳定的时期。战时未能通过普通教育证书和中等教育证书考试的成人热切希望受到继续教育;农工商各界对任职、就业者的学历、文凭也日益重视,造成了发展成人教育的强大社会压力。战后,各国开始重视智力开发投资在提高生产率中的巨大作用,注意到提供充足的受过良好教育和培训的技术工人和其他从业人员的必要性。为了彻底扭转社会上轻视成人教育、职业技术教育的倾向,欧美许多国家提出了与常规教育一样,根据成人教育的不同学历,都要授予不同程度和水准的文凭或证书,乃至授予较高的学位。在英国,职业教育开设商业和文书方面的课 First, Europe and the United States adult education degree, diploma, certificate issuing system and institutions. From the postwar to the 1960s, most countries in Europe and the United States belonged to a relatively prosperous and stable period of economy. Adults who failed to pass the General Education Certificate and the Secondary Education Certificate Examination in the war were eager to receive continuing education. The attention of all walks of life in agriculture, industry and commerce, diplomas and diplomas of employed persons has also created a strong social pressure to develop adult education. After the war, all countries began to attach importance to the tremendous role played by investment in intellectual development in boosting productivity. They noted the necessity of providing adequate and well-educated and trained skilled workers and other practitioners. In order to completely reverse the tendency of the community to despise adult education and vocational and technical education, many countries in Europe and the United States have proposed that, in accordance with the different educational qualifications of adult education, diplomas or certificates of different extents and standards should be awarded and even higher degrees awarded . In the UK, vocational education offers business and clerical classes