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常减压装置的节能降耗具有极其重要的意义。通过分析常减压换热网络存在的能耗问题及原因,提出加强对换热网络结垢的研究以减少结垢是提高换热效率、降低常减压能耗的有效途径。本文重点综述了常减压装置换热网络内原油高温结垢的研究现状。从已有研究结果来看,高温环境下换热器中的污垢沉积主要是由原油中的沥青质沉积在换热器表面而形成,污垢沉积的速度主要受到原油性质、原油主体温度以及原油流速等因素的影响。现有模型大多根据这些参数来预测污垢沉积速率。但是实际上,结垢过程的影响因素非常复杂,更加准确地预测原油的结垢需要从化学反应的角度来对该体系进行更加深入的研究。此方面的研究将有助于常减压装置整个操作周期内的安全操作与用能优化。
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit of energy saving is extremely important. By analyzing the energy consumption problems existing in the atmospheric and vacuum heat exchange network and the reasons, it is proposed that strengthening the study on fouling of the heat exchange network to reduce fouling is an effective way to increase the heat transfer efficiency and reduce the atmospheric and vacuum energy consumption. This article reviews the research status of high temperature fouling of crude oil in heat exchange network of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. According to the results of previous studies, the deposition of foulants in heat exchangers under high temperature environment is mainly caused by the deposition of asphaltenes in crude oil on the surface of heat exchangers. The rate of fouling is mainly affected by the nature of crude oil, the temperature of crude oil and the flow rate of crude oil And other factors. Existing models mostly rely on these parameters to predict the rate of soil deposition. However, in fact, the influencing factors of the fouling process are very complicated. To predict the fouling of crude oil more accurately needs further study on the system from the perspective of chemical reaction. Research in this area will facilitate the safe operation and optimization of energy throughout the operating cycle of the atmospheric and vacuum unit.