众所周知,火灾中死亡的绝大多数人是因窒息而死,而且往往发生在消防队员抵达火场之前,造成这种现象的原因除了火灾报警晚、大城市的交通阻塞之外,住宅在设计、装修和使用绝缘材料时广泛采用了高发烟和有毒材料也是导致惨剧发生的一个重要原因。目前,建筑设计中采用的防烟楼梯间、防火隔断和自动门等,在很大程度上解决了人员疏散问题,但我国相当多的居民都居住在20年前建造的楼房内,根本没有那些现代化的新设施。如果在这种楼内的低层发生火灾,通常烟气会在5～6 min之后充满整个楼梯 As we all know, the vast majority of people who died in a fire died of suffocation, and often occurred before the firefighters arrived at the scene of the fire. In addition to the late fire alarm and the traffic congestion in the big cities, The widespread use of high smoke and toxic materials when using insulating materials is also an important cause of tragedies. Smoke-free staircases, fire barriers and automatic doors used in architectural design have largely solved the problem of evacuating people, but a considerable number of our inhabitants live in buildings constructed 20 years ago and none at all Modern new facility. If there is a fire in the lower floors of this building, the smoke usually fills the entire staircase after 5 to 6 minutes