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地震是一种严重的自然灾害,世界上很多科学家和热心地震预报的人们,致力探索地震孕育、发生的规律,试图对强烈地震作出预报。近年来提出很多新思想、新方法。 一、为了认识地球真面目 宋朝苏东坡曾写下题西林壁诗一首:横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。 若把苏诗中的庐山改成“地球”,我们是否就认识了地球的真面目了呢?看来远远没有。比如说,苏联在科拉半岛打了一口万米深井,现已钻进12000多米,万米深井给我们带来很多新的信息。 用人工地震方法测得,该处的陆相结构几乎属于标准型,即从上至下分为花岗岩层,玄武岩层和镁、铁含量超过第二层的玄武岩层。钻探表明,地壳结构不是界线分明的三层,而是大杂烩似的千百层,每层厚度只不过十至几百米。出乎人们的预料。因此,很多国家准备打万米深井,如西德就准备打一口15000米的深井。
Earthquake is a serious natural disaster. Many scientists and enthusiastic earthquakes in the world are devoted to exploring the law of earthquake occurrence and occurrence and trying to forecast strong earthquakes. In recent years, many new ideas and new methods have been put forward. First, in order to understand the true face of the earth Su Dongpo Song wrote the title of a wall of poetry: a cross-Ling into a peak, far and near different levels. Do not know the true face of Mount Lu, only in this mountain edge. If we change Mount Lushan in the poem to “Earth,” do we recognize the true face of the earth? It seems far from it. For example, the Soviet Union made a deep 10,000-meter deep hole in the Kola Peninsula and has now drilled more than 12,000 meters. The 10,000-meter deep has brought us a lot of new information. Measured by artificial seismic method, the terrestrial structure of this area is almost of the standard type, which is divided into granite layer, basalt layer and magnesium from top to bottom, and the basalt layer with more iron than the second layer. Drilling shows that the crustal structure is not a clearly defined three-tier structure, but a hodgepodge of hundreds of layers of only ten to several hundred meters in thickness. Out of people’s expectations. Therefore, many countries are preparing to drill 10,000-meter deep wells. For example, West Germany is preparing to open a 15,000-meter deep well.