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随着纳米技术迅速发展及纳米材料(含纳米颗粒和纳米管等)在神经系统疾病的诊断、治疗、康复中的广泛应用,纳米材料对神经系统的生物安全性研究已成为热点.纳米材料本身的特殊性使之能够轻易通过血脑屏障进入神经系统,然而关于纳米材料对中枢神经系统功能影响及其与神经细胞和组织之间相互作用的研究都相对匮乏,特别是对神经元电生理特性影响的报道非常有限,而后者往往是其行使正常功能的基础.因此本文从离子通道、神经元和神经网络电活动等方面分别介绍了一些重要纳米材料对中枢及外周神经系统电生理特性影响的离体与在体动物实验研究结果,初步讨论了其可能作用机制,并展望了今后纳米材料在神经组织与系统中转运及作用机制研究的可能途经,以期为纳米材料在神经系统疾病诊断、治疗和康复研究与应用提供参考.
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the widespread application of nanomaterials (including nanoparticles and nanotubes) in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of nervous system diseases, nanomaterials have become a hot research area in the biosafety of the nervous system. The particularity makes it easy to enter the nervous system through the blood-brain barrier. However, the research on the influence of nanomaterials on the central nervous system function and its interaction with nerve cells and tissues are relatively scarce, especially on the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons The impact is reported very limited, and the latter is often the basis for its normal function.Therefore, this paper describes the impact of some important nanomaterials on the electrophysiological characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous systems from ion channels, neurons and neural network activity In vitro and in vivo animal experimental studies, the possible mechanism of action is discussed preliminarily, and the possible ways of future research on the transport and mechanism of nanomaterials in nerve tissue and system are prospected. In order to provide a basis for the research of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases And rehabilitation research and application.