“调研”与“考察”之异同

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  在政治词汇中,“调研”与“考察”时有区别,偶或同义。说其有别,是因为前者系“调查研究”之略语,后者却指“深刻观察”,乃至“评价”。与此同时,两者均可表示“实地观察,了解情况”。因此,英译时,应在吃透汉语本义的基础上,选择不同的英文表述,以实现信达之终极目的。
  原文:在湖北调研全面深化改革问题和经济运行情况
  译文:during his inspection of reform and economic development in Hubei Province
  點评:译者法眼,此处“调研”实有“巡察”之意。
  原文: 有的下基层调研走马观花,下去就是为了出镜头、露露脸,坐在车上转,隔着玻璃看……
  译文:For some officials, a “grassroots survey” is no more than a comfortable ride in a car, a hurried glance through the window, an affable wave to the cameras…
  点评:有些领导的调研,旨在巡视,故用survey。
  原文:每次去调研,都要进农户、到田头、听民声。
  译文:During each visit, Xi Jinping chatted with villagers at their homes and in the fields.
  点评:领导到基层访问,媒体经常用“调研”来描述,这大概是媒体语言与民间语言的区别所在。而在英语译文中,直接使用visit,言简意赅。
  原文:履新一个月,他围绕民生、发展、上海世博会、反腐等工作,马不停蹄地开展调研。
  译文:In the first month after his appointment Xi Jinping began research projects into standards of living, development, the Shanghai World Expo, and the fight against corruption.
  点评:此处,返璞归真,涉及“调研”的基础语义,英文自然接踵而至,用research projects忠实表述。
  原文:在河南考察时
  译文:during an inspection tour of Henan Province
  点评:这里的“考察”与媒体语言中的“调研”几乎同义,此种用法甚多。
  原文:各级组织部门要把能不能依法办事、遵守法律作为考察识别干部的重要条件。
  译文:Organization departments of the Party at all levels should make the performance of officials in accordance with the law an important criterion for their assessment.
  点评:此例中的“考察”大异于上例,但等同于下例。译者凭借慧眼,翻译时,选择了正确用词assessment。
  原文:要坚持从政治上考察和使用干部……
  译文:We will apply political convictions as a measure when reviewing and appointing officers…
  点评:义同上例,但译者选用动词形式的reviewing。另外,因此句论及军队干部问题,英文改用officers,以别于各级地方政府中的文职官员officials。
  原文:必须健全考察机制和办法,多渠道、多层次、多侧面深入了解。
  译文:We must have a good system and methods to evaluate officials, with reflections through various channels, at various levels and from various perspectives.
  点评:此处的“考察”类似于“考评”,使用evaluate,自然贴切。
  原文:考察识别干部,功夫要下在平时,并注意重大关头、关键时刻。
  译文:The evaluation and observation of officials are done in day-to-day work, but the best time is at major events and critical moments.
  点评:与上例异曲同工,只不过根据行文需要,使用了名词形式。
  行文至此,细心且善于思考的读者可能想到了其他类似词语,比如视察、巡视等。这些词的英文又是什么呢?
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