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丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)入侵宿主细胞是由多种受体分子介导的多步骤过程,其中B族Ⅰ型清道夫受体(SR-BⅠ/SCARB1)被认为是最先与HCV作用的受体。SR-BⅠ能够与HCV包膜糖蛋白E2相结合,在此过程中位于E2蛋白氨基末端的高变区1(hypervariable region 1,HVR1)起关键作用。SR-BⅠ与HCV的相互作用不仅能够介导HCV的细胞入侵,还能降低抗体对HCV的中和作用,有助于HCV的免疫逃避。因此,深入研究SR-BⅠ在HCV入侵细胞过程中的作用机制,有望发现在HCV感染的初始环节能够高效地阻断HCV入侵细胞的靶分子,从而预防和治疗HCV的感染。本文就SR-BⅠ的生物学特性、SR-BⅠ与HCV的相互作用对病毒入侵细胞的影响及机制等方面的最新进展作一综述。
The invasion of host cells by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multistep process mediated by a variety of receptor molecules. Among them, type B scavenger receptor (SR-BⅠ / SCARB1) is considered as the first and Receptors for HCV. SR-BI can bind to HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, during which the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) located at the amino terminus of the E2 protein plays a key role. The interaction of SR-BⅠ with HCV can not only mediate the invasion of HCV cells, but also reduce the antibody neutralizing effect on HCV and contribute to the immune evasion of HCV. Therefore, in-depth study of the mechanism of SR-BⅠin HCV invasion cells is expected to find that in the initial part of HCV infection, target molecules of HCV invaded cells can be effectively blocked to prevent and treat HCV infection. This review summarizes the recent advances in the biological properties of SR-BⅠ, the interaction between SR-BⅠ and HCV, and its mechanism of virus invasion into cells.