马克思的乌托邦精神既具有批判的理论性又具有实践的意识形态性,它肇始于马克思对资本主义罪恶的批判。唯有改变资本主义社会的实际活动才能确保马克思鸟托邦精神的实现。以马克思的观点,人是能改变世界的创造性和能动性的力量,在资本主义社会正是无产阶级能将资本主义改变成社会主义并最终实现共产主义。这种历史改变的机制在马克思的生产方式理论中得到充分阐释,因此作为一位实践者而不是乌托邦式的幻想者,马克思既有对时代的批判,又有对未来的理想追求。 Marx’s utopian spirit has both a critical theory and a practical ideology. It starts from Marx’s critique of the evil of capitalism. Only by changing the actual activities of capitalist society can we ensure the realization of the spirit of the bird-topped kingdom of Marxism. In Marx’s view, human beings are the forces that can change the creativity and initiative of the world. It is in the capitalist society that the proletariat can transform capitalism into socialism and ultimately communism. This mechanism of historical change is fully explained in Marx’s theory of the mode of production. Therefore, as a practitioner rather than a utopian fancier, Marx has both the criticism of the times and the ideal of the future.