与关内相比,清代中前期东北地区的地权关系比较特殊,除少量为私有,多为官有和国有土地,私有部分又以旗地为主。这种特殊的地权关系加之清政府“旗民不交产”的政策,使关内人民很难来此获得土地,致使移民进展缓慢,东北地区的社会经济也因此长期落后于关内。但随着关内人口的激增,移民日渐增多,又对这种地权关系不断进行侵蚀。迨及近代,东北地区外患日益加剧,统治者不得不放弃原有政策,允许乃至鼓励移民,地权关系因而发生根本性变动。劳动力和土地两大生产要素的充分有效结合,促进了东北地区快速开发与发展。因此,东北地区特殊的地权关系及其变动,是影响清代东三省移民和移民社会的重要因素,也是影响清代东北地区发展进程的重要因素。 Compared with the customs, the relations between the land ownership in Northeast China and the Northeast during the early Qing Dynasty were rather special. Except for a small number of private ownership, mostly state-owned land and state-owned land, the private part was dominated by the flag land. This special relationship of land ownership and the Qing government’s policy of “banning production of peasants and civilians” made it difficult for the people in the customs to obtain land and slow the progress of immigration. As a result, the social economy in the northeast lagged behind the territory for a long period of time. However, with the surge in the population within the border, the number of immigrants is on the increase, and the relationship between land ownership and the land is continuously eroded. And in the modern times, the external aggression in the northeast region is aggravating day by day. The rulers have to abandon the original policies and allow and even encourage them to immigrate. As a result, the relations between land and land have undergone fundamental changes. The full and effective combination of the two major productive factors of labor force and land has promoted the rapid development and development of the northeast region. Therefore, the special relationship between land ownership and its changes in Northeast China is an important factor that affects the immigrants and immigrant communities in the northeast of Qing Dynasty. It is also an important factor that affects the development of Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty.