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德国《联邦土壤保护法》中的义务承担制度与资金承担制度是不可分割的重要制度,二者内容相互交织、彼此支持,合作构成德国的土壤保护法律机制,并成为该法在德国施行取得显著效果的重要原因。我国在土壤保护立法中借鉴这两项制度具有必要性和可行性。建议按照土壤类型和污染程度将一般规定与特殊规定分开立法;将修复义务作为义务承担制度的核心;明确义务主体,但不可借鉴德国公权力主体不承担预防、修复义务的做法;建立资金补偿制度,避免土壤修复的进程因资金短缺而中断,但对价值平衡原则应选择性地应用;完善法律实践的外部环境,提高民众对土壤污染防治的参与度。
Germany’s federal soil protection law in the system of commitment and funding commitment system is an important system indivisible, the two intertwined, support each other, cooperation constitutes the legal mechanism of soil protection in Germany, and become the law in Germany to achieve significant An important reason for the effect. It is necessary and feasible for our country to draw lessons from these two systems in soil protection legislation. It is suggested that the general provisions should be separated from the special provisions according to the type of soil and the level of pollution legislation; the repair obligations as the core of the system of obligation; a clear obligation of the main body, but not from the German public authority does not assume the responsibility to prevent and repair obligations; the establishment of financial compensation system , To avoid the process of soil remediation due to shortage of funds interrupted, but the principle of value balance should be selectively applied; improve the external environment of legal practice to enhance public participation in soil pollution prevention and control.