日本近代海防思想勃兴于民间 ,提出之始即蕴涵着制度变革的要求 ,由此产生的“国民海防”与“幕府海防”间的深刻矛盾 ,阻碍了近代化海防实践。鸦片战争前后 ,民间兴起了学习西方热潮 ,丰富和充实了海防思想的内容 ,但幕府传统海防观念阻碍了海防建设向制度层面深化。明治政权建立之后 ,海防思想逐步趋实 ,发挥了良好的指导作用 ,海军近代化终于实现。 The thought of modern defense in Japan was flourishing in the private sector. Since its initiation, it implied the requirement of system reform. The profound contradictions between the “national defense” and the “shogunate” defied the impetus of modern coastal defense. Before and after the Opium War, people started to learn the Western craze and enriched and enriched the thinking of Haiphong. However, the traditional concept of coastal defense hindered the deepening of the coastal defense construction toward the institutional level. After the establishment of the Meiji regime, the thought of coastal defense became increasingly trendy and played a good guiding role. The navy’s modernization was finally achieved.