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现代文阅读题中,一些自然科学和社会科学的论着,由于具有较强的专业色彩,因而其中概念的理解、道理的阐述都较为抽象.而原著的有些作者常辅之以一些较为形象、直观的图表,正是为有助于读者对文中阐述的道理的理解而设置的.近年来借用对图表完善的形式来考查学生阅读能力的这类阅读题,也正是据此目的而设计的.比如1986年全国高考语文试题第十题中的第3小题,参照传统观点画出的系统树,画出加德纳学说的系统树;1988年全高考题中有关“中华文化”知识树示意图的改错等图均属这一类.如何解答这类题目呢?试以1986年高考题为例.考生阅读文章后,据试题提供的条件,对系统树的画法已能把握,接下来只要找出加德纳学说的不同之处.而文中鸟类和哺乳动物“起
In the modern reading questions, some natural science and social science books have more professional colors. Therefore, the understanding of concepts and the explanation of reason are all more abstract. Some of the authors of the original works often use some of their images. Intuitive diagrams are designed to help readers understand the principles set forth in the text. In recent years, such reading questions have been borrowed in the form of charts to examine students’ reading ability. It is also designed for this purpose. For example, in the third question in the tenth title of the 1986 national college entrance examination language test, the pedagogical tree drawn from the traditional viewpoint draws the pedagogical tree of the Gardner theory; the skeletal knowledge tree of the “Chinese culture” in the 1988 college entrance examination question The correction and other diagrams belong to this category. How to answer such questions? Take the 1986 college entrance examination question as an example. After the candidate reads the article, according to the conditions provided by the questions, the drawing of the system tree can be grasped, and then Just find out the difference between Gardiner’s theory and the birds and mammals in the article