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本文主要讨论语用学中隐喻认知模式的构建。在语用学的理论中,格莱斯的会话合作原则对隐喻的识别能力引起了人们的兴趣。同时,格莱斯还提出了会话中应该遵守的四个准则,即质的准则、量的准则、关系准则和方式准则。列文森第一个明确提出合作原则可以作为识别隐喻的重要标准,即如果一种表达违反了合作原则,那么它就有可能是一种隐喻表达。在会话过程中,理解隐喻并理解说话人所要表达的真实含义提醒我们在会话过程中应当建立理想的认知模式。理想认知模式的构建要建立在人生经验,人力的无限性以及语境的基础上。
This article mainly discusses the construction of metaphorical cognitive modes in pragmatics. In the theory of pragmatics, Grice’s conversation cooperation principle has attracted people’s interest in recognizing metaphor. At the same time, Grice also proposed four criteria that should be obeyed in conversation, namely, quality criterion, quantity criterion, relationship criterion and mode criterion. Levinson’s first clear principle of cooperation can serve as an important criterion for identifying metaphors, that is, an expression may be a metaphorical expression if it violates the principle of cooperation. During the conversation, understanding the metaphor and understanding the true meaning of what the speaker is trying to convey reminds us that the ideal cognitive model should be established during the conversation. The construction of the ideal cognitive model should be based on the experience of life, the unlimited human resources and the context.