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以普通玉米、糯玉米、爆裂玉米和甜玉米为材料,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了胚乳细胞淀粉体的发育过程。结果表明,授粉后10 d,玉米胚乳细胞开始积累淀粉。爆裂玉米淀粉体充实最早,胚乳细胞排列最紧密,蛋白体数量最多,蛋白体与淀粉体结合最紧密;普通玉米和糯玉米蛋白体数量少,淀粉体充实晚,糯玉米淀粉体充实差;甜玉米淀粉体充实最差,淀粉体呈不裸露状态,胚乳细胞排列疏松。处在胚乳外层两侧的淀粉体充实好,呈多面体形,胚乳形成为角质;处在胚乳中部的淀粉体充实差,呈球形或不规则形,胚乳形成为粉质。除了与淀粉体充实和胚乳细胞排列有关外,蛋白体和糖类物质的存在分别是造成爆裂玉米和甜玉米胚乳质地硬的主要原因。
Using normal corn, waxy corn, popcorn and sweet corn as materials, the development of amyloplast in endosperm cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that 10 days after pollination, corn endosperm cells began to accumulate starch. Poplite corn poplite is the earliest, the endosperm cells are the most closely arranged, the largest number of protein body, protein body and amyloplast most closely; common corn and waxy corn protein body less, amyloplast late enrichment, poor waxy corn starch body; sweet Corn starch enrichment is the worst, amylose is not exposed, endosperm cells arranged loosely. The amyloplasts on both sides of the outer layer of the endosperm were well-nourished, polyhedron-shaped, and the endosperm was keratinized. The amyloplast in the middle part of the endosperm was poorly filled, spherical or irregularly shaped, and the endosperm formed into a silty mass. In addition to being enriched in amyloplasts and related to the arrangement of endosperm cells, the presence of protein bodies and carbohydrates, respectively, is the main cause of hard texture of popcorn and sweet corn endosperm, respectively.