目的:探讨特殊类型呼吸道异物的诊断与治疗。方法:分析69例特殊类型呼吸道异物患者的临床资料,其中45例在全身麻醉下经支气管镜通过声门取除异物,24例经气管切开取除异物。结果:经支气管镜取除异物的45例患者中43例治愈,2例在异物通过声门时滑脱,发生异物变位,患者因呼吸衰竭死亡;经气管切开取除异物的24例患者全部治愈。8例术后血氧饱和度低于90%,送到ICU病房经正压通气等治疗后恢复正常,总治愈率为97.1%。结论:特殊类型呼吸道异物可在全身麻醉下经支气管镜通过声门取出;但对年龄较小,有肺不张,异物较大而且形状不规则的患者应通过气管切开取除异物更安全。 Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of special types of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract. Methods: The clinical data of 69 patients with special types of respiratory foreign bodies were analyzed. Among them, 45 patients underwent foreign body removal through the glottis by bronchoscopy under general anesthesia and 24 patients by tracheotomy. Results: Forty-three of the 45 patients with bronchoscopic foreign body removal were cured, 2 were slipping off when the foreign body passed through the glottis, foreign body displacement occurred, and the patient died of respiratory failure. All 24 patients who had foreign bodies removed by tracheotomy cure. 8 cases of postoperative oxygen saturation less than 90%, sent to ICU ward after treatment by positive pressure ventilation returned to normal, the total cure rate was 97.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Special types of respiratory foreign bodies can be removed through the glottis through bronchoscopy under general anesthesia; however, it is safer to remove foreign bodies through tracheotomy in younger patients with atelectasis, large foreign bodies and irregular shape.