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行政诉讼被告资格,尤其是特殊情况下的行政诉讼被告资格的确认,一直是行政诉讼理论中的一个重要问题。从理论上深层次剖析这一问题,对于在实践中正确确认被告资格具有重要意义。然而特殊情况下被告资格的确认是一个很复杂的问题,复杂点就在于它既要符合一般情况下被告资格的构成要件,同时又具有其区别于一般情况的特殊性。因此,为解决这一复杂问题,就有必要对此问题一分为二进行阐述。一、一般情况下被告资格的确认行政诉讼的被告是指原告指控其具体行政行为违法侵犯原告的合法权益,并经人民法院通知应诉的行政机关、法律法规授权的组织。从这一概念来看,笔者认为,成为行政诉讼被告必须具备以下四个构成条件:(一)行政诉讼的被告须是行政主体,即必须是行政机关或者是法律法规授权的组织。(二)被告原则上是具体行政行为的行政主体。行政主体必须是实施了具体行政行为才能成为行政诉讼的被告,如果其是以民事主体
The qualification of defendant in administrative litigation, especially the confirmation of the qualification of defendant in administrative litigation under special circumstances, has always been an important issue in the theory of administrative litigation. Profoundly analyzing this issue theoretically is of great significance to correctly confirm the defendant’s qualifications in practice. However, the confirmation of the defendant’s qualification in special circumstances is a very complex issue. The complicated point lies in that it is not only necessary to meet the requirements of the qualifications of defendants in general but also has its particularity different from the general situation. Therefore, in order to solve this complex issue, it is necessary to split the issue into two parts. First, the general qualification of defendants Defendants in administrative litigation refers to the plaintiff accused its specific administrative act infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of the plaintiff, and the people’s court informed the respondent administrative organs, organizations authorized by laws and regulations. From this concept, the author believes that becoming an administrative litigation defendant must have the following four conditions: (A) the defendant in administrative litigation must be the main administrative body, that is, must be an administrative organ or an organization authorized by laws and regulations. (2) The defendant is, in principle, the administrative body of a specific administrative act. The administrative subject must be a specific administrative act to be the defendant in administrative proceedings, if it is a civil subject