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【Abstract】A contrastive study of two Chinese versions The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is conducted from viewpoints of linguistics. Meanwhile， the principles about language learning and teaching are pointed out.
【Key words】contrast； language learning； teaching
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn， is regarded as the most excellent novel in Mark Twain’s works. Two Chinese versions are introduced in this paper to analyze. One is Zhang Yousong and Zhang Zhenhe’s version （Zhang’s for short）， the other is Cheng Shi’s edition （Cheng’s for short.）.
As a kind of social phenomenon， culture evolves gradually over long history periods. Additionally， it works as a mirror to reflect social histories and shows later generations the authentic historical appearance. The culture every generation inherited characterizes their ethnic groups and their times， and the contents of culture can distinguish a nationality’s features from others. Language goes into the category of culture. The following examples adopted from the two versions contrasts vividly reveal the differences between the East and the West in culture.
Example 1：The Widow Douglas， she took me for her son， and allowed she would civilize me…
Cheng’s：陶格拉斯寡婦，她认我作干儿子，说要教我做人的规矩；…
Zhang’s：陶格拉斯寡妇拿我当她的儿子，说是要给我受点教化，…
In western countries， there is no such title as “干儿子”、“干爹”， whereas adopted son， adoptive mother are popular among the westerners. Cheng’s version deviates from the original meaning though it caters to Chinese culture and Chinese readers’ taste. By comparison， Zhang’s version is more aptly worded.
Example 2：… but all the boys said it would wicked to do it on Sunday， and that settled the thing.
Cheng’s：可是所有其余的哥们都说星期天干这种事太伤天害理，于是这事不再提了.
Zhang’s：可是孩子们大家都说礼拜天干这种事是有罪的，这话就把问题解决了.
As we all know， most of the westerners go to church on Sunday regularly and they would not commit any evil deed against Christian principles， while most Chinese nonbelievers will perform everything they would like to， neglecting the Christian doctrines. Zhang’s version reasonably mirrors the cultural differences， for the religious belief should not be neglected in the western cultural context， but Cheng’s version ignored the cultural discrepancies.
Example 3：Three hundred dollars is a power of money， I wish my mother could get it. Is your husband going over there tonight？
Cheng’s：三百块大洋可是一笔大财，我巴不得我娘能发这笔财。你丈夫今晚就过去吗？
Zhang’s：三百块大洋可真是一大笔钱呀。要是我母亲能得到就好了。您当家的今天夜里就上那儿去吗？ The two translators had the same concept about “dollar”， but the Chinese have been quite familiar with notion of “dollar”when the two versions were published. Maybe they thought a dollar is less valuable than a silver coin in ancient China and want to highlight the value of “three hundred dollars”. As for the treatments of “my mother” and “your husband”， Zhang’s translation is more appropriate than Cheng’s， for he better considered the tone and the manners of the discourses uttered by a thirteen–fourteen-year old child with fresh social experience. Furthermore， if we take the regional factor into consideration， certain local dialect should have been employed. “俺巴不得俺娘能发这笔财”could take the place of “我巴不得我娘能发这笔财”.
We can draw language teaching principles from the analysis.
Culture is vital all the while in language learning and teaching， whereas， we often pay overmuch attention on language correction than the other in language teaching. Consequently， the students can not get western culture and customs. The trend should have been revolutionized as soon as possible.
Translators should conform to the spirits of the originals as well as cater to the taste of the Chinese readers. Simultaneously， a translator should convey the essence of culture vividly.
Collocation is essential in language learning. A foreign language learner must accumulate collocations all the way. A foreign language teacher should guide the students to contrast the foreign language with their mother tongues. A foreign language learner should be conscious of the significance of the collocations in language learning and build up the collocations intentionally in language learning.
參考文献：
[1]The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Mark Twain.Penguin Books.1966.
【基金项目】陕西省教育厅项目（2014JK1781）；咸阳师范学院科研基金项目（15XSYK007）。
作者简介：李玲（1970.7-），女，汉族，陕西铜川人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：英语教育。
【Key words】contrast； language learning； teaching
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn， is regarded as the most excellent novel in Mark Twain’s works. Two Chinese versions are introduced in this paper to analyze. One is Zhang Yousong and Zhang Zhenhe’s version （Zhang’s for short）， the other is Cheng Shi’s edition （Cheng’s for short.）.
As a kind of social phenomenon， culture evolves gradually over long history periods. Additionally， it works as a mirror to reflect social histories and shows later generations the authentic historical appearance. The culture every generation inherited characterizes their ethnic groups and their times， and the contents of culture can distinguish a nationality’s features from others. Language goes into the category of culture. The following examples adopted from the two versions contrasts vividly reveal the differences between the East and the West in culture.
Example 1：The Widow Douglas， she took me for her son， and allowed she would civilize me…
Cheng’s：陶格拉斯寡婦，她认我作干儿子，说要教我做人的规矩；…
Zhang’s：陶格拉斯寡妇拿我当她的儿子，说是要给我受点教化，…
In western countries， there is no such title as “干儿子”、“干爹”， whereas adopted son， adoptive mother are popular among the westerners. Cheng’s version deviates from the original meaning though it caters to Chinese culture and Chinese readers’ taste. By comparison， Zhang’s version is more aptly worded.
Example 2：… but all the boys said it would wicked to do it on Sunday， and that settled the thing.
Cheng’s：可是所有其余的哥们都说星期天干这种事太伤天害理，于是这事不再提了.
Zhang’s：可是孩子们大家都说礼拜天干这种事是有罪的，这话就把问题解决了.
As we all know， most of the westerners go to church on Sunday regularly and they would not commit any evil deed against Christian principles， while most Chinese nonbelievers will perform everything they would like to， neglecting the Christian doctrines. Zhang’s version reasonably mirrors the cultural differences， for the religious belief should not be neglected in the western cultural context， but Cheng’s version ignored the cultural discrepancies.
Example 3：Three hundred dollars is a power of money， I wish my mother could get it. Is your husband going over there tonight？
Cheng’s：三百块大洋可是一笔大财，我巴不得我娘能发这笔财。你丈夫今晚就过去吗？
Zhang’s：三百块大洋可真是一大笔钱呀。要是我母亲能得到就好了。您当家的今天夜里就上那儿去吗？ The two translators had the same concept about “dollar”， but the Chinese have been quite familiar with notion of “dollar”when the two versions were published. Maybe they thought a dollar is less valuable than a silver coin in ancient China and want to highlight the value of “three hundred dollars”. As for the treatments of “my mother” and “your husband”， Zhang’s translation is more appropriate than Cheng’s， for he better considered the tone and the manners of the discourses uttered by a thirteen–fourteen-year old child with fresh social experience. Furthermore， if we take the regional factor into consideration， certain local dialect should have been employed. “俺巴不得俺娘能发这笔财”could take the place of “我巴不得我娘能发这笔财”.
We can draw language teaching principles from the analysis.
Culture is vital all the while in language learning and teaching， whereas， we often pay overmuch attention on language correction than the other in language teaching. Consequently， the students can not get western culture and customs. The trend should have been revolutionized as soon as possible.
Translators should conform to the spirits of the originals as well as cater to the taste of the Chinese readers. Simultaneously， a translator should convey the essence of culture vividly.
Collocation is essential in language learning. A foreign language learner must accumulate collocations all the way. A foreign language teacher should guide the students to contrast the foreign language with their mother tongues. A foreign language learner should be conscious of the significance of the collocations in language learning and build up the collocations intentionally in language learning.
參考文献：
[1]The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Mark Twain.Penguin Books.1966.
【基金项目】陕西省教育厅项目（2014JK1781）；咸阳师范学院科研基金项目（15XSYK007）。
作者简介：李玲（1970.7-），女，汉族，陕西铜川人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：英语教育。