凭证,是政府“生产”(发行)的一种特殊产品。这些产品包括:国家计划分配的物资份额(物资平价供应指标)、外汇指标、信贷额度、政府发行的食品供应票证(包括粮票、肉票、油票和糖票等)及各种短缺商品的购买凭证(如冰箱票、彩电票等)。凭证的出现,使得一部分短缺商品的交换单靠货币的支付职能并不能实现,还得有另外一种特殊交换媒介——凭证的介入,才能顺利地完成商品从流通领域向消费领域的转移过程,凭证成了流通中的“第二货币”。尽管国家明文规定不允许倒买倒卖凭证,但事实上,凭证价格早已存在,并被人们普遍感知和接受,它在我国当前经济生活中起着相当重要的作用。因此,很有必要从理论上对凭证价格进行研究。 The certificate is a special product of the government “production” (issuance). These products include: the state plans to allocate the share of supplies (material parity supply indicators), foreign exchange indicators, credit lines, government-issued food supply tickets (including food stamps, meat tickets, fuel and sugar tickets, etc.) and the purchase of various shortages of goods Voucher (such as refrigerator ticket, TV ticket, etc.). The emergence of vouchers has made it impossible to realize the exchange of a part of the shortage of commodities by relying solely on the payment function of money. There must be another kind of special exchange medium, voucher intervention, to successfully complete the transfer of goods from the circulation area to the consumption area. The voucher became the second currency in circulation. Although the state expressly stipulates that it is not allowed to buy back the resale voucher, in fact, the voucher price already exists and is generally perceived and accepted by people. It plays a very important role in China’s current economic life. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the voucher price theoretically.