能否用协调变异性识别运动员的竞技表现和竞技水平?——以竞走为例(英文)

来源 :Journal of Sport and Health Science | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:pk8984812
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背景:竞技体育运动在执行过程中的边际变化可在一定程度上代表技术动作的成败。然而,这些差异可能只出现在执行某些特定强度的运动时才会出现,用传统的生物力学技术不易察觉。本研究旨在从传统和协调变异两个视角探讨竞技水平和速度能否、以及如何影响竞走的运动学特征。方法:将15名有经验的运动员分为3组(精英级、国际级和国家级)进行研究,并在跑步机上设定2个竞走速度(12.0和15.5 km/h)。针对基本步态参数、骨盆和下肢的角度和6个不同的关节耦合在连续相对相位上的变异性进行分析。结果:大部分时空、运动和协调变异对速度变化敏感。在传统分析手段无法察觉的情况下,非线性动力学观测到不同级别运动员间有显著差异。国家级运动员在两个关节耦合的连续相对相位上的变异性比国际级和精英级更高(骨盆倾斜—髋关节屈/伸,骨盆旋转—踝关节趾屈/背伸),同时步态阶段(早期步态第一阶段和推进的第二阶段)被认为是正确的技术并成为优秀成绩的基础。结论:在竞走运动中,协调变异性测量是一种探测竞走技术相关因素的敏感手段,并有望运用于评估和监控体育运动能力。 Background: The marginal change of competitive sports in the process of execution can to a certain extent represent the success or failure of technical actions. However, these differences may only appear in the exercise of a certain intensity of the exercise will not appear, with the traditional biomechanical technology is not easy to detect. The purpose of this study is to explore the competitive ability and speed of athletics from the two perspectives of tradition and coordination variation and how to influence the kinematic characteristics of walking race. METHODS: Fifteen experienced athletes were divided into three groups (elite, international and national) to study and set two walking speeds (12.0 and 15.5 km / h) on a treadmill. The variances of the basic gait parameters, pelvis and lower extremity, and the 6 different joint couplings in consecutive relative phases were analyzed. Results: Most time-space, exercise and coordination variations are sensitive to speed changes. Non-linear dynamics observed significant differences between athletes at different levels where traditional means of analysis were not detectable. National athletes have more variability in the relative relative phases of the two articulations than international and elite levels (pelvic tilt-hip flexion / extension, pelvic rotation-ankle flexor / dorsiflexion) and gait phase (First stage of early gait and second stage of advancing) is considered the correct technique and the basis for good grades. Conclusion: In walking competition, the coordination of variability measurement is a sensitive measure to detect the related factors of walking skills and is expected to be used to evaluate and monitor the ability of physical exercise.
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