目的探讨提高上尿路结石碎石成功率的微创治疗方法。方法采用经皮肾穿微造瘘输尿管镜气压弹道碎石,术中放置双J管,术后配合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗上尿路结石48例。结果结石总排净率为89.1%,结石最小排净率79.2%,无严重并发症发生。结论该方法结石排净率高,创伤较小,手术并发症少,是上尿路结石较为理想的微创治疗方法。 Objective To explore the method of minimally invasive treatment to improve the success rate of upper urinary calculi. Methods Percutaneous nephroureterectomy with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy was performed. Double J tube was placed intraoperatively and 48 cases of upper urinary calculi were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) after operation. Results The total discharge rate of stones was 89.1%, the minimum discharge rate of stones was 79.2%, no serious complications occurred. Conclusion This method has high rejection rate, less trauma and less complications. It is an ideal minimally invasive treatment for upper urinary tract stones.