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Objective To observe the change of the cardiova scular effect of estrogen replaceme nt therapy in rat after treated with p rogesterone.Method Thirty female rates were randomly di vided into three groups:group A:ova rietcomy;group B:ovariectomy with estrogen replacement therapy and group C:ovariectomy with estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy.The estrogen receptors(ER)in the artery of the rat were measured and the serum level of nitric oxide(NO),endothelin-1(ET-1),prostacyclin(PGF 1a )and thromboxane(TXB 2 )were detected 2months later.Results(1)There was no apparent difference in ER expression,serum NO and PGF 1a level between group C and group B;these index of group B and C were higher than those of group A;(2)there was no significant difference in blood viscosity,the congregate i ndex of red blood cell and platelet adhesiveness rate between group B and C;these index of group B and C were lower than those of group A.Conclusion Estrogen replacement therapy addin g progesterone makes no influence on arterial ER expression,hemorheolo gy index and regulation of estrogen t o cardiovascular cytokines generation.It suggested that estrogen combined with progesterone replacement t herapy could be a safe and effective method to prevent coronary heart dis ease.