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在松嫩平原西部灌区盐碱芦苇湿地集中分布区,通过大田模拟试验,研究了除草剂丁草胺对湿地芦苇的生态响应特征及湿地土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:添加到盐碱芦苇湿地的不同浓度(360、720和1 440μg/L)的丁草胺,1个月内均消减较快,丁草胺各浓度处理对湿地芦苇形态学指标(株高增长量、茎粗和干重)均未产生显著影响;在芦苇生理方面,随丁草胺质量浓度的增加,芦苇光合速率、气孔导度的降低趋势及胞间CO_2浓度和蒸腾速率的上升趋势在各处理间差异均未达到显著水平,但芦苇中可溶性糖含量显著降低。不同浓度丁草胺对湿地土壤酶活性的影响差异较大,在中、高浓度丁草胺作用下,土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著被抑制,碱性磷酸酶活性未受到显著影响;土壤蔗糖酶活性在中浓度丁草胺作用下有显著提高,其他浓度处理则无显著影响。结果显示,丁草胺在质量浓度≤1 440μg/L处理时,对盐碱湿地芦苇及土壤酶活性未表现出显著的毒理风险。
In the concentrated area of salinized reed wetland in western irrigation area of Songnen Plain, the ecological response characteristics of herbicide butachlor to wetland reed and the effect of wetland soil enzyme activity were studied through field experiments. The results showed that butachlor added in saline - alkali reed wetlands at different concentrations (360, 720 and 1 440 μg / L) reduced rapidly within 1 month. Butachlor at different concentrations had no significant effect on the morphological indexes of reed High growth, stem diameter and dry weight). In the physiological aspects of reed, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate increased with the increase of butachlor concentration The trend did not reach a significant level among treatments, but the content of soluble sugar in reed decreased significantly. Under the medium and high concentrations of butachlor, soil catalase activity was significantly inhibited and alkaline phosphatase activity was not significantly affected; soil invertase activity was significantly affected by butachlor at different concentrations. Activity in the medium concentration of butachlor significantly increased, other concentrations of no significant effect. The results showed that butachlor did not show significant toxicological risk on the enzyme activity of the reed and soil in saline-alkali wetlands when the mass concentration was less than 1 440 μg / L.