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国家宏观性的政策文本规范和引导着乡村社会的生存秩序及其治理走向。研究基于新中国成立以来五个影响乡村治道变革的典型政策文本的考察,尝试性使用“语用学理论”对其进行分析,探究政策文本各语句语义表达及其深层结构。研究表明,不同时期的政策文本内容在逻辑上呈现出连贯性,旨在持续繁荣农村经济,提高农民生活水平。尊重社会发展的常态规律、合理反映农民利益诉求的文本要点会执行顺畅,通过给出价值判断,实现以言行事;行动语句用以明确政策导向,规范行为主体的行动逻辑及策略选择,实现以言取效。本文通过缕析政策文本的改革走向,发现系列政策文本共同架构了乡村治理的现实制度环境,从而形塑“乡村并存——乡政权制——人民公社——乡政村治”的治理格局。
The national macro-policy texts regulate and guide the order of existence and governance of rural society. Based on the investigation of five typical policy texts that affect the reform of village governance since the founding of new China, this paper tries to analyze it by using “pragmatic theory” and explore the semantic expression and its deep structure of each statement in policy texts. The research shows that the content of the policy texts in different periods shows a logical consistency and aims to continuously prosper the rural economy and improve the living standard of peasants. Respecting the normal law of social development, the text points that reasonably reflect the appeals of peasants will be implemented smoothly, and the words and deeds of the peasants’ interests will be implemented by giving value judgments; the action sentences are used to clarify the policy orientation and regulate the action logic and tactics of actors, Words effective. This paper analyzes the trend of policy text reform and finds that the series of policy texts jointly construct the actual institutional environment of rural governance so as to shape the governance pattern of “rural coexistence - township government system - people’s commune - township government” .