摘要 [目的]了解不同生育期蓖麻叶片乙醇提取物对斜纹夜蛾的影响，为蔬菜斜纹夜蛾的生物防治提供参考。[方法]研究了3个生育期（初果期、盛果期、成熟前期）蓖麻叶片提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的嗅觉反应、取食行为和幼虫成活率的影响。[结果]提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼蟲2龄和5龄幼虫的驱避率均在69%以上;和对照相比，幼虫对处理包菜的取食量下降了42.46%～47.08%，取食活动次数和取食时间减少，幼虫的成活率下降了38.10%～52.39%。3个生育期的提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的驱避作用强弱顺序依次为成熟前期、盛果期、初果期，但在斜纹夜蛾幼虫的取食量、成活率上没有明显差异。[结论]蓖麻叶片对斜纹夜蛾具有一定的驱避作用和抗生作用。
　　关键词 蓖麻;提取物;斜纹夜蛾;嗅觉反应;取食行为;存活率
　　中图分类号 S482.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2014）34-12102-02
　　Effects of Extracts from Castor Plant Leaves against Spodoptera litura Fabricius Larva
　　GAO Jun1， GU Aixiang2， ZHOU Fucai2* et al
　　（1. Yangzhou Hanjiang River Street office Han Comprehensive Agricultural Service Center， Yangzhou， Jiangsu 225127; 2.  College of Horticulture and Plant Protection， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou， Jiangsu 225009）
　　Abstract [Objective] The aim was to understand effects of extracts from castor plant leaves against Spodoptera litura Fabricius larva to provide reference for biocontrol of Spodoptera litura. [Method] The olfactory response of extracts from castor leaves at early fruitsetting stage， full fruitsetting stage and fruit premature stage on Spodoptera litura were studied， and effects of the extracts on the feeding behavior of S. litura larvae and larval survival rate were also studied. [Result]The extracts from castor bean leaves had significant repellent effects on S. litura. The repellent rates of both 2nd and 5th larvae exceeded 69%. Compared with the control， larvae treated cabbage food intake decreased by 42.46%-47.08%， the number of feeding activity and feeding time was reduced， and the survival rate of larvae was decreased by 38.10%-52.39%. The repellent intension of the extracts of the three growth stages to S. litura were premature period > full fruiting period > early fruitsetting period. But， there was no significant difference between S. litura larvae’s food consumption and the survival rate. [Conclusion] The castor bean leaves have good repellent and antibiosis effects on S. litura.
　　Key words Castor plant; Extract; Spodoptera litura Fabricius; Olfaction response; Feeding behavior; Survival
　　斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura Fabricius）寄主广泛，且具有间歇性暴发成灾的特点，是我国蔬菜上的重要害虫。斜纹夜蛾1年发生4～9代，世代重叠，无滞育现象，在云南、广东、福建、台湾等地全年均可发生[1]。斜纹夜蛾常用的防治方法主要有生物防治、物理防治、农业防治和化学防治等，但以化学防治为主。长期以来，由于过分依赖化学防治，不仅造成害虫抗药性的快速上升，而且给农产品的安全带来隐患。目前，斜纹夜蛾的非化学防治技术得到快速发展，如昆虫性信息素[2]、斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒[3]、诱捕器诱捕[4]等，这些技术的推广应用对我国无公害蔬菜的生产以及无公害性食品体系的建立起到积极作用。
　　蓖麻（Ricinus communi L.）是大戟科1年生落叶植物，蓖麻叶片中含有一种三萜烯类的蓖麻碱，它对多种农业害虫[5-7]、鼠类[8]表现出一定的生物活性，但由于多种原因，其进一步的开发利用研究进展缓慢。赵斌等将蓖麻提取物用作设施番茄烟粉虱的驱避剂，收到较好效果[9]。蓖麻作为一种重要的生物质能源植物，近几年在我国沿海地区较大面积地推广种植。为了进一步开发利用蓖麻在害虫治理，特别是蔬菜害虫无公害治理方面的资源，提高蓖麻种植的综合效益，笔者研究了不同生育期蓖麻叶片乙醇提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的影响，旨在为蔬菜斜纹夜蛾的生物防治提供参考。