Background:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex,heterozygous genetic disorder.The number of molecular genetic studies have investigated several candidate genes,particularly those implicated in the dopamine system.The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) gene has been considered as a candidate gene in TS.There was not any report about the association study of TS and DRD3 gene in Han Chinese population.We combined a case-control genetic association analysis and nuclear pedigrees transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis to investigate the association between DRD3 gene rs6280 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and TS in a Han Chinese population.Methods:A total of 160 TS patients was diagnosed by the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition.The DRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay technique in all subjects.We used a case-control genetic association analysis to compare the difference in genotype and allele frequencies between 160 TS patients and 90 healthy controls.At the same time,we used TDT analysis to identify the DRD3 gene rs6280 transmission disequilibrium among 10l nuclear pedigrees.Results:The genotype and allele frequency of DRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs had no statistical difference between control group (90) and TS group (160) (x2 =3.647,P =0.161; x2 =0.643,P =0.423) using Chi-squared test.At the basis of the 101 nuclear pedigrees,TDT analysis showed no transmission disequilibrium ofDRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs (x2 =0; P =1).Conclusions:Our findings provide no evidence for an association between DRD3 gene rs6280 and TS in the Han Chinese population.