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为了研究含油污水对湿地土壤线虫群落的影响,在大庆油田附近,选择受含油污水影响程度不同的4块典型芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽样地,分析其土壤线虫群落特征。在4块典型芦苇沼泽样地中,共鉴定出24科34属土壤线虫。其中,有食细菌线虫15属,食真菌线虫、捕食杂食线虫各6属,植物寄生线虫7属。Panagrolaimus和Aphelenchoides为优势类群,个体数占总捕获个体量的26.91%;受到含油污水的影响,土壤线虫的群落结构和多样性都发生改变,受污染样地线虫个体数及类群数显著低于对照样地(p<0.01),且与对照样地相比,食细菌线虫相对丰度随着污染程度的增加而增大,重度污染样地中食细菌线虫的相对丰度显著高于对照样地(p<0.05),而捕食杂食线虫的相对丰度则与之相反(p<0.01)。从土壤线虫的生态指数来看,在不同污染程度条件下,受污染样地丰富度指数显著低于对照样地,而自由生活成熟度指数则相反。
In order to study the influence of oil-contaminated water on the nematode community in wetland, four typical swamp plots of Phragmites australis, which were affected by oily wastewater, were selected in the vicinity of Daqing Oilfield to analyze the characteristics of soil nematode community. In 4 typical reed swamp plots, 24 families and 34 genera of soil nematodes were identified. Among them, there are 15 genera of feeding bacteria and nematodes, fungi nematodes, 6 genera of omnivores and 7 genera of plant parasitic nematodes. Panagrolaimus and Aphelenchoides were the dominant groups, accounting for 26.91% of the total captured individuals. The community structure and diversity of soil nematodes changed under the influence of oily wastewater. The number of nematodes and the number of taxa in contaminated plots were significantly lower than those of (P <0.01). Compared with the control plots, the relative abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes increased with the increase of pollution degree, and the relative abundance of bacterial-eating nematodes in the heavily contaminated plots was significantly higher than that of the control plots (p <0.05), while the relative abundance of Monochamus nematodes was opposite (p <0.01). From the ecological index of soil nematodes, under different pollution levels, the richness index of contaminated plots was significantly lower than that of the control plots, while the index of free life maturity was opposite.