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骨骼肌衰减症(Sarcopenia)是一种在老年人中常见的以骨骼肌质量(数量和体积)和力量随增龄下降为特征的病症,其中以Ⅱ型肌纤维为主。近年来发现Ⅱ型程序性细胞死亡———自噬性程序性细胞死亡(Autophagy)可能在Sarcopenia的发生发展中也起到关键作用。Autophagy作为细胞内重要的蛋白质降解途径,其对Sarcopenia不仅限于可直接发生细胞凋亡从而减少骨骼肌纤维数量,它还可调控骨骼肌内蛋白质代谢平衡。Autophagy的失活或者过度激活都将影响细胞内蛋白质含量,并将激发一系列连锁反应。所以无论是细胞凋亡通路还是蛋白质代谢失衡,Autophagy对骨骼肌的调节作用将非常关键,这可能为预防和治疗Sarcopenia提供新的启示。众所周知,运动,特别是抗阻运动可以促进骨骼肌生理性肥大,这就为预防和缓解Sarcopenia提供了思路,研究也显示抗阻运动可在一定范围内延缓Sarcopenia的发生,但不同时间的抗阻训练可能造成不同的影响。另外,抗阻运动预防Sarcopenia的作用机制还不是很清楚,虽然很多学者从不同角度进行了研究与探讨,但尚未发现有研究者从自体吞噬的角度探讨Sarcopenia的发生机制,以及运动延缓Sarcopenia的作用机制。本文将通过阐述自体吞噬的发生机制及调控机制进而说明自体吞噬在Sarcopenia发生过程中的重要作用。
Sarcopenia is a condition common in the elderly characterized by skeletal muscle mass (volume and volume) and strength decline with increasing age, of which type II muscle fibers predominate. In recent years, it has been found that type II programmed cell death (autophagy) may play a key role in the development of Sarcopenia. As an important intracellular protein degradation pathway, Autophagy not only regulates Sarcopenia cell death but also reduces skeletal muscle fiber number. It also regulates the balance of protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. Autophagy inactivation or over-activation will affect the intracellular protein content, and will stimulate a series of chain reactions. Therefore, both the apoptotic pathway and protein metabolism imbalance, Autophagy regulation of skeletal muscle will be crucial, which may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of Sarcopenia. It is well-known that exercise, especially resistance exercise, can promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy, which provides ideas for preventing and relieving Sarcopenia. Studies have also shown that resistance exercise can delay the occurrence of Sarcopenia within a certain range, but different time resistance Training can have different effects. In addition, the mechanism of anti-resistance exercise to prevent Sarcopenia is not yet clear. Although many scholars have studied and discussed from different aspects, it has not been found that the mechanism of Sarcopenia is explored from autophagy, and the role of exercise in delaying Sarcopenia mechanism. This article will explain the important role of autophagy in Sarcopenia by explaining the mechanism of autophagy and regulatory mechanisms.