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为了解软籽石榴种子硬度发育特性,以软籽品种‘突尼斯软籽’、半软籽品种‘以色列酸’和硬籽品种‘青皮’为材料,测定了不同发育时期的种子硬度、可溶性固形物含量和籽粒质量,并对其成熟种子种皮细胞进行石蜡切片,间苯三酚和番红固绿染色观察,比较种皮细胞显微结构和木质化程度,同时对不同产地的‘突尼斯软籽’石榴进行种子硬度比较。结果表明,种子最大硬度出现在果实发育后期,而非果实成熟时期,不同品种种子硬度变化趋势一致。‘突尼斯软籽’种子硬度在花后97 d达到最高,为(2.939±0.895)kg;半软籽‘以色列酸’和硬籽‘青皮’在花后106 d到达最高,硬度分别为(5.571±2.106)和(9.203±3.006)kg。在花后124 d(成熟时期),‘突尼斯软籽’、‘以色列酸’和‘青皮’的种子硬度分别为(2.887±0.735)、(4.242±1.036)和(8.192±2.561)kg。5个产地的‘突尼斯软籽’成熟石榴种子硬度没有显著差异,软籽性状不受种植地理环境变化而改变。显微结构观察发现成熟时期石榴种皮外层细胞高度木质化,‘突尼斯软籽’石榴的种皮外层细胞壁厚度显著低于‘以色列酸’和‘青皮’。
In order to understand the hardness development characteristics of soft pomegranate seeds, soft seed varieties’ Tunisian Soft Seeds’, semi-soft seed varieties’ Israel’s acid ’and hard-seed varieties’Basin’ were used as materials to determine the seed hardness, soluble solids Content and grain quality of the seed coat cells were observed. Paraffin sections of mature seed coat cells were observed, and the microstructure and lignification of the seed coat cells were observed. ’Pomegranate seed hardness comparison. The results showed that the maximum hardness of seeds appeared in the late stage of fruit development, while the non-fruit maturity stage, the trend of hardness changes of different varieties was the same. The seed hardness of ’Tunisian Soft Seeds’ reached the highest at (97 days) after flowering (2.939 ± 0.895) kg. The semi-soft seed’ Israel’s acid ’and hard seed’ Peel ’reached the highest at 106 days after anthesis, with hardness of 5.571 ± 2.106) and (9.203 ± 3.006) kg. Seed hardness of ’Tunisian Soft Seeds’, ’Israel Acid’ and ’Green’ were (2.887 ± 0.735), (4.242 ± 1.036) and (8.192 ± 2.561) kg at 124 d after anthesis. There was no significant difference in the hardness of ’Tunisian Soft Seeds’ mature pomegranate seeds in five producing areas, and the soft-seed traits were not affected by the planting geographical environment. Microstructure observation showed that the outer layer cells of pomegranate seed coat were highly lignified at maturity stage, and the outer wall thickness of ’Tunisian soft seed’ pomegranate was significantly lower than that of ’Israel acid’ and ’blue skin’.