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细胞转化是指细胞在体外受到一种或多种致癌因子的诱导,从而在形态、行为、生长控制或功能上获得某种肿瘤所具有的恶变特性的过程。体外细胞转化实验是利用体外培养的动物细胞模拟致癌物的体内致瘤作用,从而进行致癌物检测的一种技术。与动物实验相比,它既充分反应了细胞与致癌物之间的相互作用,又缩短了实验周期,减少了实验动物的使用,因此被国际癌症研究署(IARC)评价为筛选致癌物的一种有效方法。本文简要描述了细胞转化实验的目的、靶细胞的选择、影响转化的因素及检测方法等方面,可为今后细胞转化实验的实施提供一定的借鉴。
Cell transformation refers to the process of cells being induced by one or more oncogenic factors in vitro to obtain the malignant properties of a certain tumor in morphology, behavior, growth control or function. In vitro cell transformation assay is a technique to detect carcinogens by using in vitro tumorigenic in vivo tumorigenesis of animal cells cultured in vitro. Compared with animal experiments, it not only fully reflects the interaction between cells and carcinogens, but also shortens the experimental period and reduces the use of experimental animals. Therefore, it is evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as one of screening carcinogens Effective method. This article briefly describes the purpose of cell transformation experiments, the selection of target cells, factors affecting transformation and detection methods, which can provide some reference for the implementation of cell transformation experiments in the future.