所有权和财产权是当今世界讨论最激烈的主题之一。很多美国、欧洲甚至中国的经济学家都断言,只有实现企业的私有权才能促进更有绩效的经济发展。然而,很多已经实行了私有化的国家并没有收到预期的效果。有些学者开始怀疑私有权的作用,有些学者则更进一步为私有权作辩护。本文将以美国以及其他国家的经验为例,来证明对私有化的批判是正确的,而对私有权权威必要性的诉求则是不正确的。 Ownership and property rights are one of the most discussed topics in the world today. Many economists in the United States, Europe and even China have asserted that only realizing the private ownership of enterprises can promote more performance-oriented economic development. However, many countries that have already privatized have not had the desired effect. Some scholars began to doubt the role of private ownership, while others further went so far as to justify private ownership. This article will take the experience of the United States and other countries as an example to prove that the critique of privatization is correct and that the demand for the authority of private ownership is not correct.