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目的分析遗传与环境因素不同发育期双生子皮褶厚度及体成分的作用特点。方法测量376对6～18岁同性别双生子(同卵245对,异卵131对)肱三头肌、肩胛下皮褶厚度,用长岭和Brozek公式估算体成分;用Mx软件拟合最佳模型,计算各指标遗传与环境方差组分,分析年龄、性别和不同发育期的作用。结果全部双生子分性别校正年龄后,各指标遗传度在0.59～0.87之间;不同发育期各指标遗传度存在差异,肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、2处皮褶厚度之和、体脂百分比的遗传度男生在青春期前期最低,分别为0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51,女生在青春期晚期最低,分别为0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40;男、女瘦体重遗传度随青春期发育进程呈增加趋势。结论遗传因素对儿童青少年皮褶厚度和体成分起主要作用,但年龄、性别和不同发育阶段对其也有一定影响。
Objective To analyze the role of twins’ skinfold thickness and body composition in different developmental stages of genetic and environmental factors. Methods 376 pairs of twins (245 pairs of identical eggs and 131 pairs of different eggs) of 6-18 years of age were measured for triceps and subforaminal skinfold thickness. The body composition was estimated by Changling and Brozek formulas. Mx software was used to fit Good model, calculate the genetic and environmental variance components of each indicator, analyze the role of age, gender and different developmental stages. Results All the twins had a genetic heritability of 0.59-0.87 after gender correctional age. The heritability of each index differed at different developmental stages. The trichoderma skin fold, scapular skin fold, and the thickness of two skinfolds , While the percentages of body fat in boys were lowest in pre-puberty (0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51 respectively). The female students were the lowest in adolescence (0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40 respectively). The heritabilities of male and female lean body mass decreased with adolescent development Showing an increasing trend. Conclusion Genetic factors play a major role in the skinfold thickness and body composition of children and adolescents, but age, gender and different stages of development also have some impact on them.