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在中国古人诗意的心灵里,四季更替常是诗歌的触媒。南朝梁代的诗歌理论家钟嵘说:“若乃春风春鸟,秋月秋蝉,夏云暑雨,冬月祁寒,斯四候之感诸诗者也。”(《诗品序》)这是东方特色的诗歌发生论。即以春季而言,她作为一个最具生命象征力的美感形式,早已在中国人的审美经验中,形成了一套自足自洽的情感系统。我们从《红楼梦》里曹雪芹给贾府的四位千金小姐所取的四个与春有关的芳名,就可窥出此中消息:元春—迎春—探春—惜春,不恰好标示着中国人对于春的四种情感状态吗?今天,我们就借这四个美丽的名字,说说关于春天的诗词。
In the ancient Chinese poetic mind, the change of the four seasons is often the catalyst for poetry. Zhong Kuang, a poet theorist of the Southern Dynasty Liang Dynasty, said: “If the Spring Breezy Spring Birds, the Autumn Moon fall, the Summer Rain Summer Rain, the winter months turn cold, the person who feels Si Sizhi is also a poet.” (“Poetic Style Preface”) This is the poetic theory of orientalism. In terms of spring, she has long established a self-consistent emotional system in the aesthetic experience of the Chinese people as a symbol of the most symbolic form of life. From the names of the four spring-related names that Miss Cao Xueqin gave to Jia’s ladies in the “Dream of Red Mansions”, we can see this news: Yuanchun—Spring Festival—Exploring Spring—Pity Spring does not justify the Chinese people’s spring. What are the four emotional states? Today, we use these four beautiful names to talk about the spring poetry.