0引言随着全球变暖,极地水域的冰层正在慢慢融化,使得开辟北极航道成为可能。北极航道是连接大西洋与太平洋和俄罗斯欧亚部分的最短路线。同时,北极油气资源的逐步开发,极地船舶的需求逐步增大,对符合极地规则要求的船舶设备需求也相应增大。目前,环北极航线已部分开通,相对于其他可航水域,极地水域有其自身特点:(1)水域温度极低; 0 Introduction As global warming, the ice in polar waters is slowly melting, making the opening of the Arctic channel possible. The Arctic waterway is the shortest route connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Eurasian parts of the Pacific and Russia. In the meantime, the gradual development of Arctic oil and gas resources, the demand for polar vessels has been gradually increasing, and the demand for marine equipment meeting the requirements of the Polar Rules has also been correspondingly increased. At present, the Arctic route has been partially opened. Compared with other navigable waters, polar waters have their own characteristics: (1) the water temperature is extremely low;