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γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)是成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统内的抑制性神经递质。在中枢神经系统发育过程中,GABA由兴奋性神经递质转变为抑制性神经递质。其转变过程主要表现为GABA的释放由促进突触后神经元的Ca2+内流变为抑制突触后神经元的Ca2+内流。中枢神经元内GABA作用的转变受细胞内Cl-浓度的影响:当细胞内Cl-浓度处于高水平时GABA发挥兴奋性神经递质的作用,当细胞内Cl-浓度降低到一定程度后GABA发挥抑制性神经递质的作用。升高中枢神经元内Cl-浓度的是Na+-K+-Cl--Cl-同向转运蛋白1(Na+-K+-Cl--Cl- cotransporters1,NKCC1),而K+-Cl-协同转运蛋白2(K+-Cl- cotransporter2,KCC2)则使中枢神经元内Cl-浓度降低。
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian central nervous system. During central nervous system development, GABA is converted to an inhibitory neurotransmitter by an excitatory neurotransmitter. The main process of its transformation is the release of GABA by promoting the Ca2 + influx in the postsynaptic neurons to inhibit Ca2 + influx in the postsynaptic neurons. The change of GABA effect in central neurons is influenced by intracellular Cl- concentration: GABA plays an excitatory neurotransmitter when intracellular Cl- concentration is at a high level, and GABA exerts its effect when intracellular Cl- concentration is reduced to a certain extent Inhibitory neurotransmitter effect. Cl- concentrations in central neurons were increased by Na + -K + -Cl - Cl- cotransporters1 (NKCC1), whereas K + -Cl- co-transporter 2 ( K + -Cl- cotransporter2, KCC2) decreased the concentration of Cl- in central neurons.