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目的了解上海地区中小学教师营养知识—态度—行为(KAP)现状及其与体质量指数(BMI)的关系,为中小学教师营养教育工作提供理论依据。方法在上海市学生肥胖干预项目中的试点学校进行营养知识培训前,对1 361名教师发放问卷和进行体格测量,分别计算营养知识(K)、行为(A)和态度(P)得分以及BMI。结果教师营养知识、态度和行为3个部分的及格率和优秀率均呈递减趋势,且差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为54.586,468.218,P值均<0.01)。营养知识与行为得分在非超重肥胖、超重、肥胖3组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);态度得分有变化趋势,但差异无统计学意义(F=0.321,P=0.726)。将3个月及1年内教师体型转变分为改善、加重、无变化3种类型,3组间营养知识得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论中小学教师营养知识、态度和行为之间存在分离现象。营养知识与行为得分在不同体型教师中存在差异,其中营养知识高评分对教师超重肥胖的改善具有积极影响作用,行为部分居次,而态度部分未显示有作用。
Objective To understand the status quo of nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAP) among primary and secondary school teachers in Shanghai and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrition education for primary and secondary school teachers. Methods A questionnaire and physical measurement were performed on 1 361 teachers before the training course of nutrition knowledge was conducted in pilot schools of Shanghai Student Obesity Intervention Project. Nutritional knowledge (K), behavior (A) and attitude (P) scores were calculated and BMI . Results The passing rate and excellent rate of three aspects of nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior of teachers showed a decreasing trend with statistical significance (χ ~ 2 values were 54.586 and 468.218 respectively, P <0.01). Nutritional knowledge and behavioral score were significantly different between non-overweight and obesity, overweight and obesity (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference in attitude scores (F = 0.321, P = 0.726) . The three-month and one-year teacher body changes were divided into three types: improvement, aggravation and no change. There were significant differences in nutritional knowledge among the three groups (P <0.05). Conclusions Primary and secondary school teachers have a separation of nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior. Nutritional knowledge and behavior scores in different body types of teachers there are differences, including high nutritional knowledge of teachers overweight and obesity to improve the positive impact, behavior part second, and attitude part did not show any effect.