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新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome，NARDS)是新生儿常见的危急重症之一，有较高的病死率和致残率，其发生机制涉及复杂的炎症反应过程，存活患儿常伴多种并发症，远期预后不良。微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)是一类短小的非编码单链RNA，通过负性基因表达调控细胞的病理生理过程，进而影响疾病进程。Let-7家族是继Lin-4家族之后第二个被发现的miRNA家族，在生物体内有着至关重要的调节作用。大量研究表明，Let-7家族参与肺的生理发育及部分肺部炎症性疾病的病理过程，进而参与NARDS的发生发展。该文就Let-7家族与NARDS相关性的研究进展进行综述，以期为NARDS早期诊断及治疗提供新的思路。“,”Neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome(NARDS)is one of the common critical diseases in neonatal pediatrics.It has a high mortality and disability rate, and its mechanism involves more complex inflammatory processes.Survival children are often accompanied by a variety of complications, and the long-term prognosis is poor.MicroRNA is a kind of short non-coding RNA, which participates in the pathophysiological process of cells through negative gene expression regulation, and then participates in the occurrence and development of diseases.The Let-7 family is the second microRNA family discovered after the Lin-4 family, which plays an important role in regulating organisms.A large number of studies have shown that the Let-7 family is involved in the physiological development of the lung and the pathological process of some pulmonary inflammatory diseases, and participates in the occurrence and development of NARDS.This paper reviews the latest research progress between the Let-7 family and NARDS, in order to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of NARDS.