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选择太湖流域宜兴市和常熟市水稻土为研究对象,在区域采样调查耕层土壤磷库的基础上,开展田间不同施磷制度的试验。结果表明:宜兴、常熟两地水稻土速效磷含量达11.6~37.3 mg/kg和8.03~19.8 mg/kg,与第二次土壤普查结果比较,不同类型水稻土速效磷的含量均有显著增加,增幅达75%~597%和15%~95%。全磷含量分别为0.39~0.72 g/kg和0.55~0.76 g/kg,也有明显的升高,增幅在23%~128%和4%~19%之间。在不同施磷制度下,7种水稻土类型的产量响应结果显示,稻季无论施磷与否对水稻产量并无影响。表明目前稻麦轮作制下,至少一季水稻可以不施磷肥仍能维持目前的产量水平。这一措施兼顾资源节约、环境保护和农业高效的三重意义,可作为科学施磷制度建立的有效途径之一。
In this paper, paddy soils of Yixing City and Changshu City in Taihu Lake Basin were selected as the research object. Based on the sampling and investigation of the soil phosphorus pool in the region, the experiment of different phosphorus application in the field was carried out. The results showed that available phosphorus in paddy soils of Yixing and Changshu reached 11.6-37.3 mg / kg and 8.03-19.8 mg / kg, respectively. Compared with the results of the second soil survey, the content of available phosphorus in different types of paddy soils increased significantly, An increase of 75% to 597% and 15% to 95%. Total phosphorus content was 0.39 ~ 0.72 g / kg and 0.55 ~ 0.76 g / kg, also significantly increased, an increase of 23% to 128% and 4% to 19%. The results of yield response of seven paddy soils under different phosphorus regimes showed that no matter whether phosphorus was applied or not had no effect on rice yield during the paddy season. This indicates that at least one crop of paddy rice can maintain the current crop yield under the current rice-wheat rotation system. This measure combines the three meanings of resource conservation, environmental protection and agricultural efficiency, and can be used as an effective way to establish a scientific system of phosphorus application.