我国处于社会转型期,耕地所承载的利益呈现多元化,原有的以土地承包经营权为重心的农业生产方式难以适应新常态下实现农业现代化的要求。本文在梳理我国耕地利用和保护现状特征的基础上,指出我国耕地利用和保护中存在的事权不平衡、信息不对称以及收益分配不合理等的制度成因,提出对于耕地的利用和保护需要引入实质公平、合作治理等理念。 China is in a period of social transition. The interests carried by cultivated land have diversified. The existing agricultural production methods with the land contracting management right as the key point can not meet the requirements of realizing agricultural modernization under the new normal. On the basis of combing the characteristics of cultivated land use and protection in China, this paper points out the institutional causes of imbalance of power of authority, information asymmetry and unreasonable income distribution in the utilization and protection of cultivated land in China. It points out that the introduction of essence Fair, cooperative governance and other concepts.