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自然法在政治法律乃至伦理思想中占有重要位置,然而自然法的起源及其在源头处的性质至今仍然没有厘清。确切讲来自然法观念由廊下派首先提出,尽管这观念与先前哲学存有某种联系。廊下派初以共同法指称自然法,认为唯智者能真正服从共同法的规定和禁令,因为他在理性上甚至不输给作为立法者的宙斯。法律和理性的等同构成了廊下派的一个核心命题。后来西塞罗基于廊下派观点并结合罗马法政背景,较系统地发展出一种自然法理论,主张自然法高于一切人定法,是所有个人或民族最终的生活标准。经西塞罗著作,廊下派自然法对中世纪基督教自然法产生了重要影响,但须注意前者不是一套法典而是一系列道德原理。正是靠着这些原理,自然法塑造出政治共同体文雅的风貌。
Natural law occupies an important position in politics, law and even ethics. However, the origin of natural law and its source at the source still remain unclear. To put it in concrete terms, the idea of the natural law was first proposed by the corridor, though this concept has some connection with the previous philosophy. At the beginning of the gallery’s subordination to the common law of natural law, the only wise man was able to truly obey the provisions and prohibitions of the common law because he was not even rationally defected to Zeus, the legislator. The equivalence of law and reason constitutes a central proposition of the corridor. Later Cissero developed a systematic theory of natural law based on the idea of the corridor and the law and government of Rome, advocating that natural law is superior to all human beings and is the ultimate standard of living for all individuals and nations. By Cicero’s work, the natural law of the porch had an important influence on medieval Christian natural law, but it should be noted that the former is not a code but a series of moral principles. It is by these principles that natural law shapes the elegant appearance of the political community.