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目的探讨变应原在儿童反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infections,RRTI)发病中的作用,观察变应原脱敏治疗对控制儿童RRTI的效果。方法采用德国默克公司的阿罗格变应原检测试剂盒对89例RRTI患儿与43名健康对照儿童进行变应原筛查,对检测结果进行统计学分析。对其中14例尘螨过敏的RRTI患儿进行脱敏治疗,总疗程48～52周,完成治疗后随访1年,对比脱敏治疗前后患儿呼吸道感染的发病频次。结果89例RRTI患儿中对一种或多种变应原产生阳性反应的患儿为85例,其中产生(++)以上阳性反应的患儿为63例(70.79%);最常见的前4种变应原依次为屋尘螨41例(65.08%)、粉尘螨32例(50.7%)、杂草10例(15.8%)和霉菌8例(12.7%)。43名健康对照儿童对一种或多种变应原产生阳性反应的患儿为9例,其中产生(++)以上阳性反应的儿童为4例(9%),明显低于RRTI患儿(P<0.05)。14例完成脱敏治疗的患儿,治疗前后人均患呼吸道感染次数由(8.2±2.6)次/年下降至(3.6±1.5)次/年。结论RRTI患儿对变应原的敏感性明显高于对照组,提示变应原是诱发儿童RRTI的重要原因;对RRTI患儿进行变应原的脱敏治疗是治疗儿童RRTI的有效方法。
Objective To investigate the role of allergen in the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in children and to observe the effect of allergen desensitization on RRTI control in children. Methods Eighty-nine children with RRTI and 43 healthy control children were tested for allergen screening using the Arroger allergen test kit from Merck KGaumschm. The results were statistically analyzed. Among them, 14 cases of allergic rhinitis were treated with desensitization. The total duration of treatment was 48 to 52 weeks. The patients were followed up for 1 year after treatment. The frequency of respiratory infections in children was compared before and after desensitization treatment. Results A total of 85 children with RRTI positive in one or more allergens were found in 89 children with RRTI. Among them, 63 (70.79%) children were positive for (+++) positive reactions. The most common Among the four allergens, 41 were house dust mites (65.08%), 32 (50.7%) were dust mites, 10 (15.8%) were weeds and 8 (12.7%) were molds. Of the 43 healthy children, 9 had positive reactions to one or more allergens, and 4 (9%) had positive (++) responses, significantly lower than those of RRTI P <0.05). In 14 children who completed desensitization treatment, the average number of respiratory infections per capita before and after treatment dropped from (8.2 ± 2.6) times / year to (3.6 ± 1.5) times / year. Conclusions The sensitivity of RRTI children to allergens is significantly higher than that of the control group, suggesting that allergen is an important cause of RRTI in children. RRT allergen desensitization is an effective treatment for children with RRTI.