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人实体瘤的瘤转化诱导主要基因是ras癌基因族的成员。我们应用免疫组织化学法测定了正常前列腺细胞及前列腺瘤细胞中无改变的及已突变的ras癌基因蛋白(p21)的表现。以本实验研究中所用的单克隆抗体浓度测定时,正常前列腺受试人及前列腺良性增生的19名病人的上皮细胞和基质细胞中未发现p21抗原。在前列腺癌Ⅰ级的6名病人中有2人,前列腺癌I级的6名病人中有4人,I级以上的全部17名病人中都检出抗原。半定量免疫组织化学法证明癌瘤中p21抗原的表现与核退行性发育密切相关,与腺分化程度成负相关。但是,退行发育明显的肿瘤中p21的表现常常是不均匀的,并含有抗原的低染区。将p21抗原与瘤的癌胚抗原和前列腺特异性抗原加以比较后,证明ras p2l是唯一与组织学上瘤分级相关的表型标志。因此,ras癌基因p21可能代表生物学上有关的肿瘤标志的一个新组,而且在判断前列腺癌病人预后中可能是组织病理检查的一项有价值的辅助方法。
The tumor-inducing induction of human solid tumors is a major gene that is a member of the ras oncogene family. We performed an immunohistochemical assay to determine the presence of unaltered and mutated ras oncogene protein (p21) in normal prostate and prostate tumor cells. When the concentration of the monoclonal antibody used in this experimental study was determined, no p21 antigen was found in epithelial cells and stromal cells in 19 normal subjects and in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Two out of six patients with prostate cancer in grade I, four out of six patients with prostate cancer in grade I, and antigen in all seventeen patients with grade I or more. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of p21 antigen in cancer cells is closely related to nuclear degeneration and negatively related to the degree of glandular differentiation. However, the appearance of p21 in retrogradely developed tumors is often uneven and contains low-stained areas of the antigen. Comparison of the p21 antigen with tumor carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen demonstrated that ras p21 is the only phenotypic marker associated with histologically graded tumors. Thus, the ras oncogene p21 may represent a new group of biologically relevant tumor markers and may be a valuable adjunct to histopathological examination in judging the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.