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随着辅助生殖技术的发展,人卵母细胞的冷冻技术受到了广泛关注并被广泛应用。但与早期胚胎的冷冻保存相比,卵母细胞的冷冻保存具有复苏后成活率低、受精率低、胚胎发育潜力差、妊娠率低、流产率高等特点。冷冻和解冻过程以及冷冻保护剂等均会对卵母细胞造成一系列形态学、细胞学以及生理、生化方面的影响。如:冷冻保护剂、冻融过程等可对卵母细胞的纺锤体、细胞骨架、细胞内钙离子、蛋白质组、细胞代谢以及卵母细胞的活性和发育潜力造成不同程度的影响。研究卵母细胞特殊的生物学特性以及冷冻对其造成的影响,有助于改进卵母细胞的冷冻方法,提高成功率。
With the development of assisted reproductive technology, human oocyte freezing technology has been widely concerned and widely used. However, compared with cryopreservation of early embryos, cryopreservation of oocytes has the characteristics of low survival rate after resuscitation, low fertilization rate, poor embryo development potential, low pregnancy rate and high abortion rate. Frozen and thawed processes, as well as cryoprotectants, can cause a variety of morphological, cytological, and physiological, biochemical effects on oocytes. Such as: cryoprotectant, freeze-thaw process can affect the oocyte spindle, cytoskeleton, intracellular calcium, proteome, cell metabolism and oocyte activity and development potential to varying degrees. Studying the special biological characteristics of oocytes and the effects of freezing on them will help to improve the oocyte freezing method and improve the success rate.